|
<h2 class="diaryTitle">2006高教社杯全国大学生数学建模竞赛B题评阅要点</h2> <p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt 17.6pt; TEXT-INDENT: -17.6pt; mso-char-indent-count: -1.46; mso-para-margin-left: 17.6pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">问题(</span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">)</span></b><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">利用附件</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">的数据预测继续治疗的效果,或者确定最佳治疗终止时间。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">
<p></p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-para-margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: ;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">1.</font></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">分析数据</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">随机取若干个病人,画出他们</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">CD4</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">HIV</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">浓度随时间变化的图形(折线),可以看出</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">CD4</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">大致有先增后减的趋势,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">HIV</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">有先减后增的趋势,启示应建立时间的二次函数模型(若先用一次函数模型,应与二次函数模型做统计分析比较)。附件</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">中个别病人缺</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">CD4</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">或</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">HIV</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">数据(数据表中为空),计算时应注意。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">
<p></p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; mso-para-margin-left: 18.0pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: ;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman">2.</font></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">建立模型</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">可能有以下形式的回归模型:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">
<p></p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-para-margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">)</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">总体回归模型</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">用全部数据拟合一个模型,如</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">y<sub>ij</sub>=b<sub>0</sub>+b<sub>1</sub>t<sub>ij</sub>+b<sub>2</sub>t<sub>ij</sub><sup>2</sup></font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">t<sub>ij</sub></font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">为第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">i</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">病人第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">j</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">次测量时间,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">y<sub>ij</sub></font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">为第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">i</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">病人第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">j</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">次测量值(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">CD4</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">HIV</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">)或测量值与初始值之比。一次与二次函数模型比较,二次较优。用数据估计</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">b<sub>0</sub>,b<sub>1</sub>,b<sub>2</sub>, </font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">对</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">CD4</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">b<sub>2</sub><0, b<sub>1</sub>>0, t=-b<sub>1</sub>/2b<sub>2</sub>
</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">达到最大;对</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">HIV</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">b<sub>2</sub>>0,b<sub>1</sub><0, t=-b<sub>1</sub>/2b<sub>2</sub>
</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">达到最小。一般在</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">25~30</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">(周)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">CD4</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">达到最大、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">HIV</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">达到最小。可以合理地确定最佳治疗终止时间。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">
<p></p></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 7.8pt 0cm 0pt 18pt; mso-para-margin-left: 18.0pt; mso-para-margin-top: .5gd; mso-para-margin-right: 0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom: .0001pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2) </font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">个人回归模型</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"><font face="Times New Roman"> </font></span></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">用每个病人的数据拟合一个模型,如上式(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">b<sub>k</sub></font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">改为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">b<sub>ik</sub>, k=0,1,2</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">),</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">计算</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">b<sub>ik</sub></font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">的均值和均方差,用均值同</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">)可得</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">CD4</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">的最大点和</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">HIV</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">的最小点,一般为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">20~30</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">(周)。可对</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">CD4</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">统计</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">b<sub>2i</sub><0, b<sub>1i</sub>>0</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">(存在正最大点)及</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">b<sub>2i</sub>>0</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">(不存在最大点)的频率,对</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">HIV</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">统计</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">b<sub>2i</sub>>0, b<sub>1i</sub><0</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">(存在正最小点)及</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">b<sub>2i</sub><0</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">(不存在最小点)的频率,在一定条件下可以作为终止治疗与继续治疗的概率(一般为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">0.6~0.8</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">与</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">0.3~0.2</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">);也可用</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">b<sub>ik</sub></font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">的均值和均方差在一定分布的假定下直接计算这些概率。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 12pt;">
<p></p></span></p><p></p> |
|