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发表于 2006-11-24 16:54:02
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">.对于中心端面形状为</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><font size="3"><img height="135" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image006.gif" width="79" vshapes="_x0000_i1027" alt=""/></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 23.95pt; mso-para-margin-left: 2.28gd;"><font size="3"><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">的情形,如果还考虑材料的体积的话,可以有如下的做法。设饮料罐侧壁材料的厚度为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
<i><span lang="EN-US">b</span></i><span lang="EN-US">, </span></font><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">顶盖材料的厚度为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
<i><span lang="EN-US">ab</span></i><span lang="EN-US">, </span></font><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">底部材料的厚度为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
<i><span lang="EN-US">db</span></i><span lang="EN-US">, </span></font><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">饮料罐内的体积为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
<i><span lang="EN-US">V</span></i><span lang="EN-US">. </span></font><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">圆台内部上底的半径为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
<i><span lang="EN-US">r</span></i><span lang="EN-US">, </span></font><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">下底的半径为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
<i><span lang="EN-US">R</span></i></font><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">高为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
<i><span lang="EN-US">h</span></i><span lang="EN-US">. </span></font><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">圆柱内部的半径为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
<i><span lang="EN-US">R</span></i></font><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">高为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
<i><span lang="EN-US">H</span></i></font><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">. </font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">这里</span><font face="Times New Roman"><i><span lang="EN-US">r</span></i><span lang="EN-US">, <i>R</i>, <i>h</i>, <i>H </i></span></font><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">为自变量</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, <i>a</i>,<i> b</i>, <i>d</i>, <i>V</i>
</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">为参数</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">. </font></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><font size="3"><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">饮料罐</span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">所用材料的总体积</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 22.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">目标函数</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 22.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">为:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 22.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
<p></p></font></span></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 30.1pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="OSITION: relative; TOP: 17pt; mso-text-raise: -17.0pt;"><img height="53" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image008.gif" width="337" vshapes="_x0000_i1029" alt=""/></span></span></b><span lang="EN-US" euclid="" symbol="" style="FONT-FAMILY: ;">
<p></p></span></font></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 23.95pt; mso-para-margin-left: 2.28gd;"><font size="3"><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">约束条件和</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> 2 </font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">中的类似。这部分要求学生能够正确、合理和简捷地求解。能够分析所得计算结果。如果还能够从多元函数无约束极值的判定的充分条件,</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Hesse </font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">矩阵的正定性等方面进行分析,然后给出合理的结论和解释,这就相当好了。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 23.95pt; mso-para-margin-left: 2.28gd;"><font size="3"><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">如果能够从其他角度考虑,而且</span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">目标函数、约束条件清楚,</span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">能够正确、合理和简捷地求解,给出合理的结论和解释,应该说更好了。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 23.95pt; mso-para-margin-left: 2.28gd;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" times="" new="" roman="" style="mso-fareast-font-family: ;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font size="3">4.</font><span times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 7pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-VARIANT: normal;"> </span></font></span></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;"><font size="3">要求学生发挥想象力做出自己的合理的最优设计。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;"><font size="3">从材料总体积的角度考虑,可能有同学会研究中心端面形状为</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><font size="3"><img height="142" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image010.gif" width="72" vshapes="_x0000_i1028" alt=""/></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; mso-para-margin-left: 2.0gd;"><font size="3"><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">或更复杂的形状的易拉罐。也可以从顶盖圆片下料的角度研究,或者两者结合起来研究,甚至从其他角度来考虑问题。希望有同学会这样做,如果有模型,有说明,结果合理,应该加分。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体;">
<p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p></span></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3"> </font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list 18.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" times="" new="" roman="" style="mso-fareast-font-family: ;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font size="3">5.</font><span times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 7pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-VARIANT: normal;"> </span></font></span></span><font size="3"><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">主要是想了解大专学生对数学建模的看法和认识,学生是否学到了数学建模的实质和关键步骤。全国组委会特别希望各赛区能够分别整理有独到见解、模糊认识,甚至错误认识的短文,也包括对赛题的意见,以利于我们今后做好大专组</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">乙组</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">的命题工作。</span></font></p> |
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