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C、D题参考答案..刚公布...要的留下email.....

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发表于 2006-11-24 16:11:13 | 显示全部楼层
<h2 class="diaryTitle">2006高教社杯全国大学生数学建模竞赛C题评阅要点</h2>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">饮料罐</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">易拉罐</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">的最优设计涉及很多方面的问题:怎样的制造过程可以降低材料耗损</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">减少边角料等</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">、节约能源、用更少的部件来制作、改换材料以减轻重量或更为廉价、变更形状更便于制造和灌装、甚至换一种加工次序等等,其目的就是既要满足用户的需求又要降低成本。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">据命题人的了解</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">包括询问可口可乐公司有关人员</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">,该公司的易拉罐都是铝制的,罐的形状和尺寸有一个演变过程,现在用的两片罐的中心端面形状大致如下:</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体;"><font size="3">&nbsp;<p></p></font></span></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">这种罐的制作过程大致如下:先做成一个直圆柱</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">正圆柱</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">的杯子,再利用铝的延性,在加热条件下,把罐的侧边拉到一定的高度,略为收口等,便于和较厚的同质圆片焊接,内外涂层,灌装、测试、打包、外运等。在美国,这种形状易拉罐各部分</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">以千分之一英寸为单位</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">的厚度大致如下:底部厚</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">: 8 – 11, </font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">侧壁厚</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">: 4, </font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">颈部厚</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">: 6, </font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">顶盖厚</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">: 9. </font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">据说在其他地方生产的易拉罐,各部分的厚度可以略有变化。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">本题主要测试学生在测量或间接获得数据的基础上,经过观察、分析做出合理的简化假设,形成数学模型,正确、合理并简捷地求解相应的数学问题,合理地验证自己的数学模型</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">合理地解释所测量的易拉罐的形状和尺寸</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">。特别是,希望学生发挥想象力做出有自己特色的设计建议。更重要的是,这种最优设计的数学建模也许是关键</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">或重要</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">的一步,但决不是全部,在有些情况下,物理、工程等考虑可能更重要</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">或不可忽略</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">,希望同学了解真正的最优设计是一个相当复杂的过程,数学不可能单打独斗。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font><font size="3"><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">题人自己做的数学模型只是从所用材料最少的角度考虑的。在全国组委会的网站上公布的叶其孝教授在太原会议上的讲稿以及在有关杂志上发表的教学论文中,对直圆柱</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">即问题</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2)</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">的情形有比较详细但未必都是合理的解答,对选做本题的同学肯定会有影响,尽管这不是命题人所希望的。</span></font><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></span><span lang="EN-US" times="" new="" roman="" style="mso-fareast-font-family: ;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font size="3">1.</font><span times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 7pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-VARIANT: normal;">&nbsp; </span></font></span></span><font size="3"><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">能够说明自己是怎么测量的,并列表说明</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">尽管有的数据可能误差较大</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">,应该说相当好;能够从网上查到比较准确的数据,并说明出处,表明了一种能力,也是相当好的;照抄叶其孝在太原会议上的讲稿</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">或其他文章</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">就不太好了。</span></font></p></span></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font><font size="3"><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">题人自己做的数学模型只是从所用材料最少的角度考虑的。在全国组委会的网站上公布的叶其孝教授在太原会议上的讲稿以及在有关杂志上发表的教学论文中,对直圆柱</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">即问题</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2)</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">的情形有比较详细但未必都是合理的解答,对选做本题的同学肯定会有影响,尽管这不是命题人所希望的。</span></font><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font></span><span lang="EN-US" times="" new="" roman="" style="mso-fareast-font-family: ;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font size="3">1.</font><span times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 7pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-VARIANT: normal;">&nbsp; </span></font></span></span><font size="3"><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">能够说明自己是怎么测量的,并列表说明</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">尽管有的数据可能误差较大</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">,应该说相当好;能够从网上查到比较准确的数据,并说明出处,表明了一种能力,也是相当好的;照抄叶其孝在太原会议上的讲稿</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">或其他文章</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">就不太好了。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font size="3"><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;"></span></font></p></span></p><p><font size="3"><span mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;"></span></font></p>
发表于 2006-11-24 16:12:10 | 显示全部楼层
<h2 class="diaryTitle"><p><font size="3"><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;"></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font size="3"><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;"></span></font></p></span></p><p><font size="3"><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;"></span></font></p><p></p><p><font size="3"><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;"></span></font></p><p></p><font size="3"><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">.根据如下的中心端面的形状,可以计算出易拉罐</span><span mso-bidi-font-size="" roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">所用材料的总体积</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 22.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span mso-bidi-font-size="" roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">目标函数</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 22.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span mso-bidi-font-size="" roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">。罐内的体积已知</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 22.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span mso-bidi-font-size="" roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">大于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 22.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">355</font></span><span mso-bidi-font-size="" roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">立方厘米</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 22.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">为约束条件之一。还应该有其他的约束条件,例如,顶盖有拉环,从而顶盖的直径也是有限制的,要能够用手握住,因此,罐的直径是有限制的,等等。</span></font></p></span><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">.根据如下的中心端面的形状,可以计算出易拉罐</span><span mso-bidi-font-size="" roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">所用材料的总体积</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 22.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span mso-bidi-font-size="" roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">目标函数</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 22.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span mso-bidi-font-size="" roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">。罐内的体积已知</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 22.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span mso-bidi-font-size="" roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">大于</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 22.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">355</font></span><span mso-bidi-font-size="" roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">立方厘米</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 22.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">为约束条件之一。还应该有其他的约束条件,例如,顶盖有拉环,从而顶盖的直径也是有限制的,要能够用手握住,因此,罐的直径是有限制的,等等。</span></font><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><font size="3"></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">.对于中心端面形状为</span></font></p></span></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">.对于中心端面形状为</span></font></p><p></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font><font size="3"><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">.对于中心端面形状为</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><font size="3"></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font><font size="3"><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">的情形,如果还考虑材料的体积的话,可以有如下的做法。设饮料罐侧壁材料的厚度为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                                        <i><span lang="EN-US">b</span></i><span lang="EN-US">, </span></font><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">顶盖材料的厚度为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                                        <i><span lang="EN-US">ab</span></i><span lang="EN-US">, </span></font><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">底部材料的厚度为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                                        <i><span lang="EN-US">db</span></i><span lang="EN-US">, </span></font><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">饮料罐内的体积为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                                        <i><span lang="EN-US">V</span></i><span lang="EN-US">. </span></font><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">圆台内部上底的半径为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                                        <i><span lang="EN-US">r</span></i><span lang="EN-US">, </span></font><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">下底的半径为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                                        <i><span lang="EN-US">R</span></i></font><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">高为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                                        <i><span lang="EN-US">h</span></i><span lang="EN-US">. </span></font><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">圆柱内部的半径为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                                        <i><span lang="EN-US">R</span></i></font><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">高为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                                        <i><span lang="EN-US">H</span></i></font><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">. </font></span><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">这里</span><font face="Times New Roman"><i><span lang="EN-US">r</span></i><span lang="EN-US">, <i>R</i>, <i>h</i>, <i>H </i></span></font><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">为自变量</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, <i>a</i>,<i> b</i>, <i>d</i>, <i>V</i>
                                                                        </font></span><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">为参数</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">. </font></span></font></p></span></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font><font size="3"><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">的情形,如果还考虑材料的体积的话,可以有如下的做法。设饮料罐侧壁材料的厚度为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                        <i><span lang="EN-US">b</span></i><span lang="EN-US">, </span></font><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">顶盖材料的厚度为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                        <i><span lang="EN-US">ab</span></i><span lang="EN-US">, </span></font><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">底部材料的厚度为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                        <i><span lang="EN-US">db</span></i><span lang="EN-US">, </span></font><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">饮料罐内的体积为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                        <i><span lang="EN-US">V</span></i><span lang="EN-US">. </span></font><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">圆台内部上底的半径为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                        <i><span lang="EN-US">r</span></i><span lang="EN-US">, </span></font><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">下底的半径为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                        <i><span lang="EN-US">R</span></i></font><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">高为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                        <i><span lang="EN-US">h</span></i><span lang="EN-US">. </span></font><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">圆柱内部的半径为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                        <i><span lang="EN-US">R</span></i></font><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">高为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                        <i><span lang="EN-US">H</span></i></font><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">. </font></span><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">这里</span><font face="Times New Roman"><i><span lang="EN-US">r</span></i><span lang="EN-US">, <i>R</i>, <i>h</i>, <i>H </i></span></font><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">为自变量</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, <i>a</i>,<i> b</i>, <i>d</i>, <i>V</i>
                                                        </font></span><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">为参数</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">. </font></span></font></p><p></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font><font size="3"><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">的情形,如果还考虑材料的体积的话,可以有如下的做法。设饮料罐侧壁材料的厚度为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                        <i><span lang="EN-US">b</span></i><span lang="EN-US">, </span></font><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">顶盖材料的厚度为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                        <i><span lang="EN-US">ab</span></i><span lang="EN-US">, </span></font><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">底部材料的厚度为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                        <i><span lang="EN-US">db</span></i><span lang="EN-US">, </span></font><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">饮料罐内的体积为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                        <i><span lang="EN-US">V</span></i><span lang="EN-US">. </span></font><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">圆台内部上底的半径为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                        <i><span lang="EN-US">r</span></i><span lang="EN-US">, </span></font><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">下底的半径为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                        <i><span lang="EN-US">R</span></i></font><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">高为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                        <i><span lang="EN-US">h</span></i><span lang="EN-US">. </span></font><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">圆柱内部的半径为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                        <i><span lang="EN-US">R</span></i></font><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, </font></span><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">高为</span><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                        <i><span lang="EN-US">H</span></i></font><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">. </font></span><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">这里</span><font face="Times New Roman"><i><span lang="EN-US">r</span></i><span lang="EN-US">, <i>R</i>, <i>h</i>, <i>H </i></span></font><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">为自变量</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">, <i>a</i>,<i> b</i>, <i>d</i>, <i>V</i>
                                                        </font></span><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">为参数</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">. </font></span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="left" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 15.75pt; TEXT-ALIGN: left; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-layout-grid-align: none;"><font size="3"><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">饮料罐</span><span mso-bidi-font-size="" roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">所用材料的总体积</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 22.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span mso-bidi-font-size="" roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">目标函数</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 22.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span mso-bidi-font-size="" roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">为:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 22.0pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font></span></font></p></span></font></h2>
发表于 2006-11-24 16:12:52 | 显示全部楼层
<span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 15pt; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;"><span style="OSITION: relative; TOP: 17pt; mso-text-raise: -17.0pt;"></span></span><span lang="EN-US" symbol="" euclid="" style="FONT-FAMILY: ;"><font face="Times New Roman">&nbsp;</font><p></p></span><p><font face="Times New Roman"></font></p><p><font face="Times New Roman"></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 23.95pt; mso-para-margin-left: 2.28gd;"><font size="3"><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">约束条件和</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman"> 2 </font></span><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">中的类似。这部分要求学生能够正确、合理和简捷地求解。能够分析所得计算结果。如果还能够从多元函数无约束极值的判定的充分条件,</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">Hesse </font></span><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">矩阵的正定性等方面进行分析,然后给出合理的结论和解释,这就相当好了。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 23.95pt; mso-para-margin-left: 2.28gd;"><font size="3"><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">如果能够从其他角度考虑,而且</span><span mso-bidi-font-size="" roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">目标函数、约束条件清楚,</span><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">能够正确、合理和简捷地求解,给出合理的结论和解释,应该说更好了。</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 23.95pt; mso-para-margin-left: 2.28gd;"><span lang="EN-US"><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font><span lang="EN-US" roman="" new="" times="" style="mso-fareast-font-family: ;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font size="3">4.</font><span roman="" new="" times="" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 7pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-VARIANT: normal;">&nbsp; </span></font></span></span><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;"><font size="3">要求学生发挥想象力做出自己的合理的最优设计。</font></span></p></span></p><p><font face="Times New Roman" size="3">&nbsp;</font><span lang="EN-US" roman="" new="" times="" style="mso-fareast-font-family: ;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font size="3">4.</font><span roman="" new="" times="" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 7pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-VARIANT: normal;">&nbsp; </span></font></span></span><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;"><font size="3">要求学生发挥想象力做出自己的合理的最优设计。</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;"><font size="3">从材料总体积的角度考虑,可能有同学会研究中心端面形状为</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center;"><span lang="EN-US"><font size="3"></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 21pt; mso-para-margin-left: 2.0gd;"><font size="3"><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">或更复杂的形状的易拉罐。也可以从顶盖圆片下料的角度研究,或者两者结合起来研究,甚至从其他角度来考虑问题。希望有同学会这样做,如果有模型,有说明,结果合理,应该加分。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体;">&nbsp;</span></font><span lang="EN-US" roman="" new="" times="" style="mso-fareast-font-family: ;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font face="Times New Roman"><font size="3">5.</font><span roman="" new="" times="" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 7pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-VARIANT: normal;">&nbsp; </span></font></span></span><font size="3"><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">主要是想了解大专学生对数学建模的看法和认识,学生是否学到了数学建模的实质和关键步骤。全国组委会特别希望各赛区能够分别整理有独到见解、模糊认识,甚至错误认识的短文,也包括对赛题的意见,以利于我们今后做好大专组</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">(</font></span><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">乙组</span><span lang="EN-US"><font face="Times New Roman">)</font></span><span roman="" new="" times="" mso-hansi-font-family="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">的命题工作。</span></font></p>
发表于 2006-11-24 16:14:25 | 显示全部楼层

2006高教社杯全国大学生数学建模竞赛D题评阅要点

<div id="category"><font size="6">2006高教社杯全国大学生数学建模竞赛D题评阅要点</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </div><div class="entity"><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><b><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">问题(</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span></b><b><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">)</span></b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                                        </font></span><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">按照《规程》第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">133</font></span><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">条,当<nobr><a class="iAs" target="_blank" style="CURSOR: hand; COLOR: #0000ff; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; TEXT-DECORATION: underline;">瓦斯</a></nobr>相对涌出量不超过</span><font face="Times New Roman"><chmetcnv tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="10" unitname="m3"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">10m<sup>3</sup></span><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">/t</span></font><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">,且绝对涌出量不超过</span><font face="Times New Roman"><chmetcnv tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="40" unitname="m3"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">40m<sup>3</sup></span><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">/min</span></font><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">时为低瓦斯矿,否则为高瓦斯矿。设主巷道<nobr><a class="iAs" target="_blank" style="CURSOR: hand; COLOR: #0000ff; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; TEXT-DECORATION: underline;">风速</a></nobr>为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="OSITION: relative; TOP: 3pt; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt;"><img height="15" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image002.gif" width="12" vshapes="_x0000_i1025" alt=""/></span><font face="Times New Roman">(m/s</font></span><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">),平均断面积为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="OSITION: relative; TOP: 3pt; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt;"><img height="15" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image004.gif" width="12" vshapes="_x0000_i1026" alt=""/></span><font face="Times New Roman">(m<sup>2</sup>)</font></span><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">,平均瓦斯<nobr><a class="iAs" target="_blank" style="CURSOR: hand; COLOR: #0000ff; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; TEXT-DECORATION: underline;">浓度</a></nobr>为</span><font face="Times New Roman"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">C<sub>g</sub></span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"> (%)</span></font><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">,则<nobr><a class="iAs" target="_blank" style="CURSOR: hand; COLOR: #0000ff; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; TEXT-DECORATION: underline;">风量</a></nobr>为</span><font face="Times New Roman"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">Q</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">=60<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">sv </i>(m<sup>3</sup>/min</span></font><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">),瓦斯绝对涌出量为</span><font face="Times New Roman"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">G=QC<sub>g</sub></span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">/100<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">
                                                </i>(m<sup>3</sup>/min</span></font><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">)。又若煤矿日产量为</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">A<sub>g</sub></font></span></i><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">t/d</font></span><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">),则瓦斯相对涌出量为</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">g=24</font></span><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">×</span><font face="Times New Roman"><chmetcnv tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="60" unitname="g"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">60<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">G</i></span><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">/<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A<sub>g</sub></i></span></font><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">(</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">m<sup>3</sup>/t</font></span><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
                                        <p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 20.6pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96;"><font size="3"><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">按照附表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">粗略估计,</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="OSITION: relative; TOP: 3pt; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt;"><img height="15" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image002.gif" width="12" vshapes="_x0000_i1027" alt=""/></span><font face="Times New Roman">=5.2, <span style="POSITION: relative; TOP: 3pt; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt;"><img height="15" src="file:///C:/DOCUME~1/ADMINI~1/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image004.gif" width="12" vshapes="_x0000_i1028" alt=""/></span>=5</font></span><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">,</span><font face="Times New Roman"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">C<sub>g</sub></span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">=0.65, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">A<sub>g</sub></i>=600, </span></font><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">则</span><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">G</font></span></i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">≈</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">10&lt;40, g</font></span><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">≈</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">23&gt;10, </font></span><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">为高瓦斯矿。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
                                        <p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; LAYOUT-GRID-MODE: char; TEXT-INDENT: 20.65pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.96;"><font size="3"><b><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">问题(</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span></b><b><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">)</span></b><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                </font></span></b><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">按照《规程》第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">168</font></span><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">条,回风巷和<nobr><a class="iAs" target="_blank" style="CURSOR: hand; COLOR: #0000ff; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; TEXT-DECORATION: underline;">工作面</a></nobr>的瓦斯浓度不能超过</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1%</font></span><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">,根据附表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">中的监测数据统计各工作面和各巷道瓦斯浓度超标的次数,以及<nobr><a class="iAs" target="_blank" style="CURSOR: hand; COLOR: #0000ff; BACKGROUND-COLOR: transparent; TEXT-DECORATION: underline;">煤尘</a></nobr>与瓦斯混合超标的次数(参照附表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1</font></span><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">),它们的总和可以作为出现不安全事件的频数,该频数与总监测次数之比可以作为出现不安全事件的程度(概率)。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
                                        <p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><b><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">问题(</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3</font></span></b><b><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">)</span></b><b><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">
                                                </font></span></b><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">根据煤矿开采工作中的实际情况以及《规程》的实际要求,确定采煤工作面和巷道所需通风量的主要原则是:采煤工作面的瓦斯浓度不超过</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1%</font></span><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">,其他有害气体都不超过《规程》规定(只考虑瓦斯和煤尘);能够有效的排出瓦斯和矿尘,但又不能造成煤尘飞扬。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
                                        <p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp; </span></font></span></b><b><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">确定瓦斯浓度与风速的关系</span></b><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
                                                <p></p></span></b></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">各工作面和回风巷的瓦斯浓度与风速、断面面积以及瓦斯涌出量有关,瓦斯涌出量是不可控、不确定的因素,断面面积视为常数,可设瓦斯浓度与风速成反比,利用附表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">各监测点瓦斯浓度和风速的数据,确定瓦斯浓度与风速的近似关系。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
                                        <p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2. </font></span></b><b><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">确定煤尘浓度与风速的关系</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
                                        <p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">矿井中煤尘浓度与风速有直接关系,一般说来它们呈非线性关系,在风速不大时煤尘浓度随着风速的增加而变小,当风速较大时煤尘浓度随着风速的增加而变大。但是注意到在实际监测中风速变化范围很小,相对稳定,可以在这个较小的范围内视为近似的线性关系,用附表</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">2</font></span><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">的数据确定。</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
                                                <p></p></span></b></font></p><p></p></div>
发表于 2006-11-24 16:15:41 | 显示全部楼层
<p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.1pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">3. </font></span></b><b><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">确定最佳通风量</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
                                <p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">所谓最佳通风量是指在保证各工作面和回风巷瓦斯浓度与煤尘浓度都不超标的情况下,寻求矿井的最小通风量,形成一个优化问题:目标是总的通风量最小,约束条件包括:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
                                <p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 45.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font size="3">l</font><span times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 7pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-VARIANT: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><font size="3"><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">按照各井巷风量的分流情况及总通风量与总回风量基本守恒(实际上存在漏风)得到的关系;</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
                                        <p></p></span></b></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 45.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font size="3">l</font><span times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 7pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-VARIANT: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><font size="3"><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">各工作面的瓦斯浓度不超过</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><font face="Times New Roman">1%</font></span><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">;</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
                                        <p></p></span></b></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 45.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font size="3">l</font><span times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 7pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-VARIANT: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><font size="3"><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">在不同瓦斯浓度下煤尘浓度的允许范围;</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
                                        <p></p></span></b></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 45.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font size="3">l</font><span times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 7pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-VARIANT: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><font size="3"><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">各工作面、巷道和总回风巷的风速标准;</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
                                        <p></p></span></b></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 45.0pt;"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-FAMILY: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><font size="3">l</font><span times="" new="" roman="" style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; FONT-SIZE: 7pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; FONT-STYLE: normal; FONT-VARIANT: normal;">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></span><font size="3"><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">局部通风机的额定风量范围;</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
                                        <p></p></span></b></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 24pt;"><font size="3"><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">以及巷道可能出现漏风的情况等。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
                                <p></p></span></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0;"><font size="3"><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">这是一个线性(或非线性)规划模型,求解可以得到总通风量、各工作面通风量和局部通风机的额定风量。结果原则上应比现在的总通风量(约</span><font face="Times New Roman"><chmetcnv tcsc="0" numbertype="1" negative="False" hasspace="False" sourcevalue="1560" unitname="m3"></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">1560m<sup>3</sup></span><chmetcnv></chmetcnv><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">/min</span></font><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">)要大,安全性提高,并且按基本守恒原则分配到各工作面。</span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
                                        <p></p></span></b></font></p><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt;"><font size="3"><font face="Times New Roman"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp; </span></span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></font><b><span roman="" mso-hansi-font-family="" times="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">注意:</span></b><span times="" roman="" new="" mso-bidi-font-size="" style="FONT-FAMILY: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-ascii-font-family: ;">可能会有人在某些问题上采用现有的经验公式来研究,这样做定会涉及到一些具体的待定参数的确定问题,如果对这些待定参数的确定是合理的,则应该也是可行的方法。</span></font><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-fareast-font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; mso-bidi-font-size: 10.5pt;">
                        <p></p></span></p><p></p>
发表于 2006-11-24 16:20:26 | 显示全部楼层
楼主说有答案又不公布,还要人家要email,不是一个好人
发表于 2006-12-6 01:10:24 | 显示全部楼层
<p>朋友:</p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 我也想要你的参考答案的</p><p>我的邮箱<a href="mailto:sunzhen590@yahoo.com.cn">sunzhen590@yahoo.com.cn</a></p><p>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;谢谢</p>
发表于 2006-12-8 06:21:06 | 显示全部楼层
<p>能不能把c题答案发给我呢?</p><p>rgdsx@yahoo.com.cn</p>
发表于 2006-12-13 17:58:15 | 显示全部楼层
我也要ztcmm@sina.com
发表于 2006-12-14 14:00:33 | 显示全部楼层
<p>我看看</p><p><a href="mailto:duzhipeng127@163.com">duzhipeng127@163.com</a>&nbsp; </p>
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