数学专业英语－Notations and Abbreviations (I) Learn to understand

yunjiang · 发表于 2004-5-6 10:00:41

<

> 
<

>N set of natural numbers
<

>Z set of integers
R set of real numbers
C set of complex numbers
+ plus; positive
－　　　　 minus; negative
×　　　　 multiplied by; times
÷ divided by
＝ equals; is equal to
≡ identically equal to
≈,≌ approximately equal to
＞ greater than
≥ greater than or equal to
＜ less than
≤ less than or equal to
》 much greater than
《 much less than
<v:shapetype><v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke><v:formulas><v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></v:f><v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f><v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></v:f></v:formulas><v:path connecttype="rect" gradientshapeok="t" extrusionok="f"></v:path><lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"></lock></v:shapetype><v:shape><v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape> square root
<v:shape><v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape> cube root
<v:shape><v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape> nth root
│a│ absolute value of a
n! n factorial
<v:shape><v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape> a to the power n ; the nth power of a 
[a] the greatest integer≤a
<v:shape><v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape> the reciprocal of a 
 
Let A, B be sets
∈　　　　 belongs to ; be a member of
<v:shape><v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape> not belongs to
x∈A x os amember of A
∪ union
A∪B A union B
∩ intersection
A∩B A intersection B
A<v:shape> <v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape>B A is a subset of B;A is contained in B
A<v:shape> <v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape>B A contains B
<v:shape><v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape> complement of A
<v:shape><v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape> the closure of A
<v:shape><v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape> empty set
(<v:shape> <v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape>) i=1,2,…,r j=1,2,…,s r-by-s（r×s）matrix
│<v:shape> <v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape>│I,j=1,2,…,n 　　　　determinant of order n
det(<v:shape> <v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape>) the determinant of the matrix (<v:shape> <v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape>) 
<v:shape><v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape> vector F
x=(<v:shape> <v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape>,<v:shape> <v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape>,…,<v:shape> <v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape>) x is an n-tuple of <v:shape><v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape> 
‖‖　　　　　　　　　　the norm of …
‖ parallel to
┴ perpendicular to
<v:shape><v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape> the exponential function of x
lin x the logarithmic function of x
sie sine
cos cosine
tan tangent
sinh hyperbolic sine
cosh hyperbolic cosine
<v:shape><v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape> the inverse of f
<v:shape><v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape> f is the composite or the composition of u and v
<v:shape><v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape> the limit of …as n approaches ∞(as x approaches<v:shape> <v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape>)
x<v:shape> <v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape>a x approaches a
<v:shape><v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape>,<v:shape> <v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape> the differential coefficient of y; the 1st derivative of y
<v:shape><v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape>,<v:shape> <v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape> the nth derivative of y
<v:shape><v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape> the partial derivative of f with respect to x
<v:shape><v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape> the partial derivative of f with respect to y
<v:shape><v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape> the indefinite integral of f
<v:shape><v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape> the definite integral of f between a and b (from a to b)
<v:shape><v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape> the increment of x
<v:shape><v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape> differential x
<v:shape><v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape> summation of …the sum of the terms indicated
∏　　　　　　　　　　the product of the terms indicated
=> implies
<v:shape><v:imagedata></v:imagedata></v:shape> is equivalent to
（ ） round brackets; parantheses
[ ] square brackets
{ } braces

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