< >【语法难点精析之被分隔的定语从句】<BR>定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词；但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来，这种定语从句叫作被分隔的定语从句，在阅读文章时会经常遇到这种情况，在阅读是要注意识别先行词的修饰对象。 </P>
<>一般说来，定语从句被分割开来大致有以下三种：<BR>①在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个状语。<BR>如：There are many thousands of stars in the sky that are like the sun.<BR>在太空中有成千上万的象太阳般的星星。<BR>乍一看，that引导的定语从句在名词sky的后面，似乎应该是修饰sky的。但仔细一想，”不对啊，天空怎么能象太阳呢？“，原来that引导的定语从句被in the sky这个地点状语分隔开来，修饰中心词stars。</P>
<>②在先行词与定语从句之间插入一个定语。<BR>如：Do you remember one afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace?<BR>你还记得吗，十年前的一天下午，我来到你家，找你借了一条钻石项链？<BR>when I came to your house and borrowed a diamond necklace实际上是修饰afternoon而不是修饰 years。ten years ago 实际上是定语后置修饰afternoon。</P>
<P>③先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，主句谓语较短，为使句子平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语之后<BR>如：A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.<BR>明天，新（男）老师将来较你德语。<BR>【语法难点精析之besides,but,except,exept for,excepting,apart from的区别】</P>
<P>（１） besides与except<BR>前者表示＂除．．．以外，还有．．．＂；后者表示＂从整体中除去．．．＂<BR>这个大家都知道，就不举例子了．</P>
<P>（２）except与except for<BR>a．除去的和非除去的是同类事物，用except<BR>eg：<BR>All the essays are well written except Nelson's.<BR>Nelson的文章（除去的）和All the essays（非除去的）是同类事物，所以用except．<BR>b．除去的和非除去的不是同类事物，用except for，并且从语气上通常表示遗憾．<BR>eg：His essay is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.<BR>a few spelling mistakes(除去的）和His essay（非除去的）是不同类的事物．</P>
<P>（３）apart from 具有多重意义：既可表示besides，也可以表示exept或exept for，还可以表示without的意思<BR>eg：<BR>Apart from the cost,it will take a lot of time.(=besides)<BR>The orphan had no one to take care of him apart from his uncle.(=except)<BR>He has done good work,apart from a few slight faults.(=except for)<BR>There can be no knowledge apart from practice.实践出真知．（＝without）</P>
<P>（４）excepting =except,但一般用于句首或用于not，without，always等词之后<BR>eg:<BR>Excepting his brother,they are all right.<BR>Everyone,not excepting myself,must share the blame.<BR>All of us,without excepting those who know more about the subject,should study.<BR>All my brothers com here every day,always excepting the youngest.</P>
<P>（５）but与except同义，但but多用在every，any，no等和由这些词构成的复合词如everything，anywhere，nobody等词以后及all，none之后<BR>eg：<BR>The children go to school everyday but Sunday.<BR>They are all gone but me.<BR>You can get the book anywhere but here.<BR>There is no one but me.<BR>Who but George would do such a thing?<BR>【语法难点之too...to 结构表示肯定含义的情况】（连载中）<BR>【too...to 结构表示肯定含义的情况】<BR>我们知道too...to结构一般表示否定含义,意为"太...以致于不能"<BR>eg:He is too old to work.</P>
<P>但too...to在下列情况下却表示肯定含义:<BR>⑴当too前或to前有否定词构成双重否定时.<BR>eg:English is not too difficult to learn.<BR>英语并不太难学.<BR>He is too wise not to see that.<BR>他很聪明,不会不懂这一点.</P>
<P>⑵当too后是glad,pleased,happy,delighted,satisfied,ready,willing,kind,apt,good,true,easy,near,careful,well,early,delicious,eager,anxious等形容词或副词时.<BR>eg:They are too anxious to leave.<BR>他们急于离开.<BR>He is too ready to help others.<BR>他总是乐于助人.<BR>与这些词连用时,too前还常加上only,all,but,just,simply等副词,意思不变,因为这些词加上too后与very同义.<BR>eg:I'm only too glad to see you .<BR>见到你非常高兴.<BR>They are but too pleased to hear the news.<BR>他们听到这个消息,非常高兴.</P>
<P>⑶与cannot连用时.<BR>eg:You cannot be too careful(=You can never be careful enough) to do your homework.<BR>你做作业越仔细越好(=无论怎样仔细也不过分).</P>
<P>⑷当不定式在句中作定语或真正的主语时.<BR>eg:There are too many problems to be solved.<BR>有很多问题有待解决.<BR>It is too much to say that he is a fool.<BR>【语法难点精析之every表示”每隔“的用法】<BR>⑴"every other+单数名词”<BR>意思是“每隔一。。。”<BR>如：every other day 每隔一天 every other tree 每隔一棵树</P>
<P>⑵“every+基数词+复数名词”或“every+序数词+单数名词”<BR>意思是“每隔。。。”（较英语数词少一个）<BR>如：every three days=every third day 每隔两天（或者译为每三天）<BR>因此every two days=every other day 每隔一天（或者译为每两天）</P>
<P>⑶“every few+复数名词”<BR>意思是“每隔几。。。”<BR>如：every few days（每隔几天）<BR>【语法难点精析之alive、live、living和lively的用法】<BR>⑴ lively 有“活泼的、快活的、生动的”等意思，可以指人或物，可作定语或标语；但它没有“活着的”意思，而其他三个都有。<BR>如：<BR>Young children are usually lively.<BR>小孩子们通常是活泼的。<BR>He told a very lively story.<BR>他讲了一个生动的故事。</P>
<P>⑵alive、live、living都有“活的、有生命的”意思，与dead意义相反。但live通常只作前置定语，且一般用于动物；alive、living不仅可作定语（alive只能置于名词后；living一般置于名词前，也可置于名词后），也可以作表语。<BR>如：<BR>This is a live(=living) fish.(=This is a fish alive.)<BR>这是一条活鱼。（指动物，且作定语时，三者均可用）<BR>Who's the greatest man alive(=living man)?<BR>谁是当今最伟大的人物？（指人，不能用live）<BR>The fish is still alive(=living)<BR>那条鱼还活着。（指动物作表语时不能用live）。</P>
<P>⑶living主要指在某个时候是活着的，而alive指本来有死的可能，但仍活着的。而且，作主语补足语或宾语补足语时，只能用alive；作比喻义（如“活像。。。”、“活生生的”等）解时，要用living。<BR>如：<BR>The enemy officer was caught alive.(作主语补足语，不用living）<BR>那位敌方军官被活捉了。<BR>We found the snake alive.(作宾语补足语，不用living）<BR>He is the living image of his father.(比喻义，不用alive）<BR>他活象他父亲。</P> |
发表于 2005-5-7 03:32:10