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怎样做好数学建模论文?

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发表于 2004-6-1 05:28:24 | 显示全部楼层 |阅读模式
<><FONT face=仿宋_GB2312 color=#4d2bd5>大家好:</FONT></P>
<><FONT face=仿宋_GB2312 color=#4d2bd5>我是一名刚涉足于数学建模的学生,我们没有任何的经验和方法去做好论文</FONT></P>
<><FONT face=仿宋_GB2312 color=#4d2bd5>特请求于大家-----请你们多多指导</FONT></P>
<P><FONT face=仿宋_GB2312 color=#4d2bd5>谢谢!!!</FONT></P>
发表于 2004-6-1 05:58:02 | 显示全部楼层
< 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><B>如何写好数学建模竞赛答卷</B><p></p></P><H1 17pt 0cm 16.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><A>一、写好数模答卷的重要性</A><p></p></H1>< 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -9pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo5"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.  </FONT>评定参赛队的成绩好坏、高低,获奖级别,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P>< 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 26.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.92; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">数模答卷,是唯一依据。<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 8.95pt; tab-stops: 0cm; mso-char-indent-count: .64; mso-char-indent-size: 13.95pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2. </FONT>答卷是竞赛活动的成绩结晶的书面形式。<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -8.8pt; mso-char-indent-count: -.63; mso-char-indent-size: 13.95pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3. </FONT>写好答卷的训练,是科技写作的一种基本训练。<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P><H1 17pt 0cm 16.5pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><A>二、答卷的基本内容,需要重视的问题</A><p></p></H1><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -47.5pt; mso-char-indent-count: -3.38; mso-char-indent-size: 14.05pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><B>1</B> </FONT><B>评阅原则:</B><FONT face="Times New Roman">  </FONT>假设的合理性,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 96.05pt; mso-char-indent-count: 6.86; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">建模的创造性,<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 96.05pt; mso-char-indent-count: 6.86; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">结果的合理性,<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 96.05pt; mso-char-indent-count: 6.86; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">表述的清晰程度。<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P><H2 13pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><A>2 </A>答卷的文章结构<p></p></H2><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1"><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.  </FONT>摘要<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.  </FONT>问题的叙述,问题的分析,背景的分析等,略<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2.  </FONT>模型的假设,符号说明(表)<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3.  </FONT>模型的建立(问题分析,公式推导,<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 112pt; mso-char-indent-count: 8.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">基本模型,最终或简化模型<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>等)<FONT face="Times New Roman">  <p></p></FONT></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1"><FONT face="Times New Roman">4.  </FONT>模型的求解<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -8pt; mso-char-indent-count: -.57; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">▲ </FONT>计算方法设计或选择;<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 4.15pt">算法设计或选择,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>算法思想依据,步骤及实现,计算框图;<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">所采用的软件名称;<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">▲ </FONT>引用或建立必要的数学命题和定理;<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -27pt; mso-char-indent-count: -1.93; mso-char-indent-size: 13.95pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">▲ </FONT>求解方案及流程<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1"><FONT face="Times New Roman">5.  </FONT>结果表示、分析与检验,误差分析,模型检验<FONT face="Times New Roman">……<p></p></FONT></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1"><FONT face="Times New Roman">6.  </FONT>模型评价,特点,优缺点,改进方法,推广<FONT face="Times New Roman">…….<p></p></FONT></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1"><FONT face="Times New Roman">7.  </FONT>参考文献<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1"><FONT face="Times New Roman">8.  </FONT>附录<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">计算框图<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">详细图表<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">……<p></p></FONT></P><H2 13pt 0cm; LINE-HEIGHT: normal"><A>3  </A>要重视的问题 <p></p></H2><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2"><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.  </FONT><B>摘要</B>。包括:<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">a. </FONT>模型的数学归类(在数学上属于什么类型)<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">    b. </FONT>建模的思想(思路)<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">    c . </FONT>算法思想(求解思路)<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 56pt; TEXT-INDENT: -56pt; mso-char-indent-count: -4.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">    d. </FONT>建模特点(模型优点,建模思想或方法,<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 56pt; mso-char-indent-count: 4.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">算法特点,结果检验,灵敏度分析,<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 56pt; mso-char-indent-count: 4.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">模型检验<FONT face="Times New Roman">…….</FONT>)<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">    e. </FONT>主要结果(数值结果,结论)(回答题目所问的全部“问题”)<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -14pt; mso-char-indent-count: -1.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">▲</FONT>表述:准确、简明、条理清晰、合乎语法、字体工整漂亮;<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 42pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">打印最好,但要求符合文章格式。务必认真校对。<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.  </FONT><B>问题重述。</B>略<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2.  </FONT><B>模型假设</B><A><p></p></A></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt">跟据全国组委会确定的评阅原则,基本假设的合理性很重要。<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt"><A>(</A><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>)根据题目中条件作出假设<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 14pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">(<FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT>)根据题目中要求作出假设<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -33.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: -2.42; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">关键性假设不能缺;假设要切合题意<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0cm; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2"><B><FONT face="Times New Roman">3. </FONT></B><B>模型的建立</B><A><B><p></p></B></A></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.9pt; tab-stops: list 54.0pt 57.0pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2; mso-char-indent-count: 1.28; mso-char-indent-size: 13.95pt">(1) 基本模型:<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 27pt; TEXT-INDENT: 8.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: .64; mso-char-indent-size: 13.95pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1) </FONT>首先要有数学模型:数学公式、方案等<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 36pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.57; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2) </FONT>基本模型,要求<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><B>完整,正确,简明</B><p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; TEXT-INDENT: -36pt; LINE-HEIGHT: normal; tab-stops: list 42.0pt 57.0pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2">(2)   简化模型<A><p></p></A></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -9pt; tab-stops: list 102.0pt 105.0pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo2"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1)          </FONT>要明确说明:简化思想,依据<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -9pt; tab-stops: list 102.0pt 105.0pt; mso-list: l3 level5 lfo2"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2)          </FONT>简化后模型,尽可能完整给出<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 45pt; TEXT-INDENT: -27pt; tab-stops: list 42.0pt 57.0pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2">(3)   模型要实用,有效,以解决问题有效为原则。<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 42pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">数学建模面临的、要解决的是实际问题,<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 60.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 4.35; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">不追求数学上:高(级)、深(刻)、难(度大)。<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 117.9pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81.9pt; tab-stops: list 97.5pt 117.9pt; mso-list: l7 level3 lfo6">u              能用初等方法解决的、就不用高级方法,<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 117.9pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81.9pt; tab-stops: list 97.5pt 117.9pt; mso-list: l7 level3 lfo6">u              能用简单方法解决的,就不用复杂方法,<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 117.9pt; TEXT-INDENT: -81.9pt; tab-stops: list 97.5pt 117.9pt; mso-list: l7 level3 lfo6">u              能用被更多人看懂、理解的方法,<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">就不用只能少数人看懂、理解的方法。<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -44.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: -3.21; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt"><A>(</A><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT>)鼓励创新,但要切实,不要离题搞标新立异<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27pt"><B>数模创新可出现在</B><B><p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 35pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">▲</FONT>建模中,模型本身,简化的好方法、好策略等,<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 35pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">▲</FONT>模型求解中<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 35pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">▲</FONT>结果表示、分析、检验,模型检验<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 35pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.5; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">▲</FONT>推广部分<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 17.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.28; mso-char-indent-size: 13.95pt">(<FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT>)在问题分析推导过程中,需要注意的问题:<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 55.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 55.5pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo7">u     分析:中肯、确切<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 55.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 55.5pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo7">u     术语:专业、内行;;<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 55.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 55.5pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo7">u     原理、依据:正确、明确<FONT face="Times New Roman">,<p></p></FONT></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 55.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 55.5pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo7">u     表述:简明,关键步骤要列出<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 55.5pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 55.5pt; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo7">u     忌:外行话,专业术语不明确,表述混乱,冗长。<A><p></p></A></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2"><B><FONT face="Times New Roman">4.             </FONT></B><B>模型求解</B><B><p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 57pt; TEXT-INDENT: -48pt; tab-stops: list 54.0pt 57.0pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2">(1)       需要建立数学命题时:<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.35; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">命题叙述要符合数学命题的表述规范,<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.35; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">尽可能论证严密。<A><p></p></A></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 54pt; TEXT-INDENT: -45pt; tab-stops: list 42.0pt 57.0pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2">(2)         需要说明计算方法或算法的原理、思想、依据、步骤。<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 53.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.85; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">若采用现有软件,说明采用此软件的理由,软件名称<A><p></p></A></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 8.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: .64; mso-char-indent-size: 13.95pt">(<FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>计算过程,中间结果可要可不要的,不要列出。<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 15.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.14; mso-char-indent-size: 13.95pt">(<FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>设法算出合理的数值结果。<A><p></p></A></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2"><p></p> </P>
发表于 2004-6-1 05:58:58 | 显示全部楼层
< 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 18.0pt; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2"><A><B><FONT face="Times New Roman">5.             </FONT></B><B>结果分析、检验;模型检验及模型修正;结果表示</B></A><B><p></p></B></P>< 0cm 0cm 0pt 57pt; TEXT-INDENT: -48pt; tab-stops: list 57.0pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2">(1)         <B>最终数值结果的正确性或合理性是第一位</B>的<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>;<p></p></P>< 0cm 0cm 0pt 57pt; TEXT-INDENT: -48pt; tab-stops: list 57.0pt; mso-list: l3 level2 lfo2">(2)         <B>对数值结果或模拟结果进行必要的检验。</B><p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 44.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.21; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">结果不正确、不合理、或误差大时,分析原因,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 44.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.21; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">对算法、计算方法、或模型进行修正、改进;<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 8.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: .64; mso-char-indent-size: 13.95pt">(<FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>题目中要求回答的问题,数值结果,结论,须一一列出;<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -54.05pt; mso-char-indent-count: -3.86; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">(<FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><B>列数据问题</B>:考虑是否需要列出多组数据,或额外数据<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: -12.05pt; mso-char-indent-count: -.86; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">对数据进行比较、分析,为各种方案的提出提供依据;<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 8.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: .64; mso-char-indent-size: 13.95pt">(<FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><B>结果表示:</B>要集中,一目了然,直观,便于比较分析<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">▲</FONT>数值结果表示:精心设计表格;可能的话,用图形图表形式<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">▲</FONT>求解方案,用图示更好<A><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></A></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 8.95pt; mso-char-indent-count: .64; mso-char-indent-size: 13.95pt">(<FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>必要时对问题解答,作定性或规律性的讨论。<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 50.7pt; mso-char-indent-count: 3.62; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">最后结论要明确。<A><p></p></A></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B><FONT face="Times New Roman">6</FONT></B><B>.模型评价</B><B><p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt">优点突出,缺点不回避。<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt">改变原题要求,重新建模可在此做。<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21.75pt">推广或改进方向时,不要玩弄新数学术语。<A><p></p></A></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B><FONT face="Times New Roman">7</FONT></B><B>.参考文献</B><B><p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B><FONT face="Times New Roman">8</FONT></B><B>.附录</B><p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">详细的结果,详细的数据表格,可在此列出。<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">但不要错,错的宁可不列。<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">主要结果数据,应在正文中列出,不怕重复。<FONT face="Times New Roman">   <p></p></FONT></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 28pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">检查答卷的主要三点,<B>把三关</B>:<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 63.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 63.75pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo4">n       <B>模型的正确性、合理性、创新性</B><p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 63.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 63.75pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo4">n       <B>结果的正确性、合理性</B><p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 63.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 63.75pt; mso-list: l5 level2 lfo4">n       <B>文字表述清晰,分析精辟,摘要精彩</B><p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A>三、<B>对分工执笔的同学</B></A><B>的要求</B><B><p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><A><B>四.关于写答卷前的思考和工作规划</B></A><p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman"><B>   </B>  </FONT>答卷需要回答哪几个问题――建模需要解决哪几个问题<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 32.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 2.35; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt"><FONT face="Times New Roman">  </FONT>问题以怎样的方式回答――结果以怎样的形式表示<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 7.7pt; mso-char-indent-count: .55; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">每个问题要列出哪些关键数据――建模要计算哪些关键数据<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 7.7pt; mso-char-indent-count: .55; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">每个量,列出一组还是多组数――要计算一组还是多组数<FONT face="Times New Roman">……<p></p></FONT></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt"><B>五.答卷要求的原理</B><B><p></p></B></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 42.75pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9">u     准确――科学性<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 42.75pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9">u     条理――逻辑性<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 42.75pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9">u     简洁――数学美<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 42.75pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9">u     创新――研究、应用目标之一,人才培养需要<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 42.75pt; TEXT-INDENT: -21pt; tab-stops: list 42.75pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo9">u     实用――建模。实际问题要求。<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 27.4pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1.95; mso-char-indent-size: 14.05pt"><B>建模理念</B>:<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 31.95pt 42.75pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8"><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.               </FONT>应用意识:要解决实际问题,结果、结论要符合实际;<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 88.9pt; mso-char-indent-count: 6.35; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">模型、方法、结果要易于理解,便于实际应用;<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 76pt; mso-char-indent-count: 5.43; mso-char-indent-size: 13.95pt">站在应用者的立场上想问题,处理问题。<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; tab-stops: list 31.95pt 42.75pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8"><FONT face="Times New Roman">2.               </FONT>数学建模:用数学方法解决问题,要有数学模型;<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 13.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 76.3pt; mso-char-indent-count: 5.45; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">问题模型的数学抽象,方法有普适性、科学性,<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 13.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: 75.6pt; mso-char-indent-count: 5.4; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">不局限于本具体问题的解决。<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt 31.95pt; TEXT-INDENT: -31.95pt; tab-stops: list 31.95pt 42.75pt; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo8"><FONT face="Times New Roman">3.               </FONT>创新意识:建模有特点,更加合理、科学、有效、符合实际;<p></p></P><P 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 75.6pt; mso-char-indent-count: 5.4; mso-char-indent-size: 14.0pt">更有普遍应用意义;不单纯为创新而创新</P>
发表于 2004-6-4 05:35:30 | 显示全部楼层
<FONT size=5>好</FONT>
发表于 2004-6-4 06:08:57 | 显示全部楼层
<>我是一名初学者</P><>不知道从那些方面入手写论文</P><>请你们详细说一说好吗?</P><P> <img src="http://www.shumo.org/bbs/Skins/Default/emot/em32.gif"></P><P>在这里感谢大家了!</P>[em32][em32][em32][em32][em32][em32]
发表于 2004-6-16 02:25:04 | 显示全部楼层
<>[em05][em05][em05][em05][em05][em05][em05][em05][em05][em05][em05][em05][em05][em05]</P><>挺难的</P>
发表于 2004-7-2 21:46:56 | 显示全部楼层
  数学建模真的很难吗?我们最近要参加培训,有没有什么值得参考的意见呢?
发表于 2004-7-2 22:14:52 | 显示全部楼层
宝宝好厉害啊
发表于 2004-7-5 22:41:28 | 显示全部楼层
<TABLE fixed; WORD-BREAK: break-all" width="90%" border=0><TR><TD 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt" width="100%"><img src="http://www.shumo.com/bbs/Skins/Default/topicface/face1.gif"> <B></B>
< align=center center? TEXT-ALIGN: 0pt; 0cm><B>如何写好数学建模竞赛答卷</B>
<p><H1 0cm normal? LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; 17pt><A>一、写好数模答卷的重要性</A> <p></H1>< 0cm lfo5? level1 l8 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: -9pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.  </FONT>评定参赛队的成绩好坏、高低,获奖级别,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></FONT><p>< 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: 1.92; mso-char-indent-count: 26.9pt;>数模答卷,是唯一依据。 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 13.95pt? .64; 0cm; 8.95pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">2. </FONT>答卷是竞赛活动的成绩结晶的书面形式。 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 13.95pt? -.63; -8.8pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">3. </FONT>写好答卷的训练,是科技写作的一种基本训练。<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></FONT><p><H1 0cm normal? LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; 17pt><A>二、答卷的基本内容,需要重视的问题</A> <p></H1><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 14.05pt? -3.38; -47.5pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman"><B>1</B> </FONT><B>评阅原则:</B><FONT face="Times New Roman">  </FONT>假设的合理性,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></FONT><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 6.86; 96.05pt;>建模的创造性, <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 6.86; 96.05pt;>结果的合理性, <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 6.86; 96.05pt;>表述的清晰程度。<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></FONT><p><H2 normal? LINE-HEIGHT: 0cm; 13pt><A>2 </A>答卷的文章结构 <p></H2><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt 0cm; lfo1? l1><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.  </FONT>摘要 <p><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt 0cm; lfo1? l1><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.  </FONT>问题的叙述,问题的分析,背景的分析等,略<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></FONT><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt 0cm; lfo1? l1><FONT face="Times New Roman">2.  </FONT>模型的假设,符号说明(表) <p><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt 0cm; lfo1? l1><FONT face="Times New Roman">3.  </FONT>模型的建立(问题分析,公式推导, <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 8.0; 112pt;>基本模型,最终或简化模型<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>等)<FONT face="Times New Roman">   <p></FONT><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt 0cm; lfo1? l1><FONT face="Times New Roman">4.  </FONT>模型的求解 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: -.57; -8pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">▲ </FONT>计算方法设计或选择; <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 4.15pt?>算法设计或选择,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>算法思想依据,步骤及实现,计算框图; <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; 14pt;>所采用的软件名称; <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; 28pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">▲ </FONT>引用或建立必要的数学命题和定理; <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 13.95pt? -1.93; -27pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">▲ </FONT>求解方案及流程<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></FONT><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt 0cm; lfo1? l1><FONT face="Times New Roman">5.  </FONT>结果表示、分析与检验,误差分析,模型检验<FONT face="Times New Roman">…… <p></FONT><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt 0cm; lfo1? l1><FONT face="Times New Roman">6.  </FONT>模型评价,特点,优缺点,改进方法,推广<FONT face="Times New Roman">……. <p></FONT><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt 0cm; lfo1? l1><FONT face="Times New Roman">7.  </FONT>参考文献 <p><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt 0cm; lfo1? l1><FONT face="Times New Roman">8.  </FONT>附录 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; 28pt;>计算框图 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; 28pt;>详细图表 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; 28pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">…… <p></FONT><p><H2 normal? LINE-HEIGHT: 0cm; 13pt><A>3  </A>要重视的问题 <p></H2><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt 0cm; lfo2? l3><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.  </FONT><B>摘要</B>。包括:<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></FONT><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; 28pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">a. </FONT>模型的数学归类(在数学上属于什么类型) <p><p><P 0cm 0pt?><FONT face="Times New Roman">    b. </FONT>建模的思想(思路) <p><p><P 0cm 0pt?><FONT face="Times New Roman">    c . </FONT>算法思想(求解思路) <p><p><P 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 0pt 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: -4.0; -56pt; 56pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">    d. </FONT>建模特点(模型优点,建模思想或方法, <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 56pt; 4.0;>算法特点,结果检验,灵敏度分析, <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 56pt; 4.0;>模型检验<FONT face="Times New Roman">…….</FONT>) <p><p><P 0cm 0pt?><FONT face="Times New Roman">    e. </FONT>主要结果(数值结果,结论)(回答题目所问的全部“问题”) <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: -1.0; -14pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">▲</FONT>表述:准确、简明、条理清晰、合乎语法、字体工整漂亮; <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 3.0; 42pt;>打印最好,但要求符合文章格式。务必认真校对。 <p><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt 0cm; lfo2? l3><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.  </FONT><B>问题重述。</B>略 <p><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt 0cm; lfo2? l3><FONT face="Times New Roman">2.  </FONT><B>模型假设</B><A> <p></A><p><P 0cm 0pt?>跟据全国组委会确定的评阅原则,基本假设的合理性很重要。 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; 14pt;><A>(</A><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>)根据题目中条件作出假设 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; 14pt;>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT>)根据题目中要求作出假设 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: -2.42; -33.9pt;>关键性假设不能缺;假设要切合题意 <p><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt 0cm; lfo2? l3><B><FONT face="Times New Roman">3. </FONT></B><B>模型的建立</B><A><B> <p></B></A><p><P 0pt; 0cm mso-list: list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 13.95pt? l3 1.28; lfo2; level2 57.0pt; 54.0pt 17.9pt;>(1) 基本模型: <p><p><P 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 0pt mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 13.95pt? .64; 8.95pt; 27pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">1) </FONT>首先要有数学模型:数学公式、方案等 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 2.57; 36pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">2) </FONT>基本模型,要求<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><B>完整,正确,简明</B> <p><p><P 0cm LINE-HEIGHT: mso-list: list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 0pt lfo2? l3 level2 57.0pt; 42.0pt normal; -36pt; 54pt;>(2)   简化模型<A> <p></A><p><P 0cm mso-list: list tab-stops: -9pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0pt lfo2? l3 level5 105.0pt; 102.0pt 45pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">1)          </FONT>要明确说明:简化思想,依据 <p><p><P 0cm mso-list: list tab-stops: -9pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0pt lfo2? l3 level5 105.0pt; 102.0pt 45pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">2)          </FONT>简化后模型,尽可能完整给出 <p><p><P 0cm mso-list: list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 0pt -27pt; lfo2? l3 level2 57.0pt; 42.0pt 45pt;>(3)   模型要实用,有效,以解决问题有效为原则。 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 3.0; 42pt;>数学建模面临的、要解决的是实际问题, <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 4.35; 60.9pt;>不追求数学上:高(级)、深(刻)、难(度大)。 <p><p><P 0cm mso-list: list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 0pt lfo6? level3 l7 117.9pt; 97.5pt -81.9pt;>u              能用初等方法解决的、就不用高级方法, <p><p><P 0cm mso-list: list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 0pt lfo6? level3 l7 117.9pt; 97.5pt -81.9pt;>u              能用简单方法解决的,就不用复杂方法, <p><p><P 0cm mso-list: list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 0pt lfo6? level3 l7 117.9pt; 97.5pt -81.9pt;>u              能用被更多人看懂、理解的方法, <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; 28pt;>就不用只能少数人看懂、理解的方法。 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: -3.21; -44.95pt;><A>(</A><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT>)鼓励创新,但要切实,不要离题搞标新立异 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 27pt?><B>数模创新可出现在</B><B> <p></B><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 2.5; 35pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">▲</FONT>建模中,模型本身,简化的好方法、好策略等, <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 2.5; 35pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">▲</FONT>模型求解中 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 2.5; 35pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">▲</FONT>结果表示、分析、检验,模型检验 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 2.5; 35pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">▲</FONT>推广部分 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 13.95pt? 1.28; 17.9pt;>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT>)在问题分析推导过程中,需要注意的问题: <p><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 0pt lfo7? l6 55.5pt; -21pt;>u     分析:中肯、确切 <p><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 0pt lfo7? l6 55.5pt; -21pt;>u     术语:专业、内行;;<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></FONT><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 0pt lfo7? l6 55.5pt; -21pt;>u     原理、依据:正确、明确<FONT face="Times New Roman">, <p></FONT><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 0pt lfo7? l6 55.5pt; -21pt;>u     表述:简明,关键步骤要列出 <p><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 0pt lfo7? l6 55.5pt; -21pt;>u     忌:外行话,专业术语不明确,表述混乱,冗长。<A> <p></A><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt lfo2? l3 -18pt;><B><FONT face="Times New Roman">4.             </FONT></B><B>模型求解</B><B> <p></B><p><P 0cm mso-list: list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 0pt lfo2? l3 level2 57.0pt; 54.0pt -48pt; 57pt;>(1)       需要建立数学命题时: <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 2.35; 32.9pt;>命题叙述要符合数学命题的表述规范, <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 2.35; 32.9pt;>尽可能论证严密。<A> <p></A><p><P 0cm mso-list: list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 0pt lfo2? l3 level2 57.0pt; 42.0pt 54pt; -45pt;>(2)         需要说明计算方法或算法的原理、思想、依据、步骤。 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 3.85; 53.9pt;>若采用现有软件,说明采用此软件的理由,软件名称<A> <p></A><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 13.95pt? .64; 8.95pt;>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>计算过程,中间结果可要可不要的,不要列出。 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 13.95pt? 1.14; 15.95pt;>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>设法算出合理的数值结果。<A> <p></A><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt lfo2? l3 -18pt;><p><p>

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<TABLE fixed; WORD-BREAK: break-all" width="90%" border=0><TR><TD 9pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 12pt" width="100%"><img src="http://www.shumo.com/bbs/Skins/Default/topicface/face1.gif"> <B></B>
< align=center center? TEXT-ALIGN: 0pt; 0cm><B>如何写好数学建模竞赛答卷</B>
<p><H1 0cm normal? LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; 17pt><A>一、写好数模答卷的重要性</A> <p></H1>< 0cm lfo5? level1 l8 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: -9pt; TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.  </FONT>评定参赛队的成绩好坏、高低,获奖级别,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></FONT><p>< 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: 1.92; mso-char-indent-count: 26.9pt;>数模答卷,是唯一依据。 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 13.95pt? .64; 0cm; 8.95pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">2. </FONT>答卷是竞赛活动的成绩结晶的书面形式。 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 13.95pt? -.63; -8.8pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">3. </FONT>写好答卷的训练,是科技写作的一种基本训练。<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></FONT><p><H1 0cm normal? LINE-HEIGHT: 16.5pt; 17pt><A>二、答卷的基本内容,需要重视的问题</A> <p></H1><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 14.05pt? -3.38; -47.5pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman"><B>1</B> </FONT><B>评阅原则:</B><FONT face="Times New Roman">  </FONT>假设的合理性,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></FONT><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 6.86; 96.05pt;>建模的创造性, <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 6.86; 96.05pt;>结果的合理性, <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 6.86; 96.05pt;>表述的清晰程度。<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></FONT><p><H2 normal? LINE-HEIGHT: 0cm; 13pt><A>2 </A>答卷的文章结构 <p></H2><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt 0cm; lfo1? l1><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.  </FONT>摘要 <p><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt 0cm; lfo1? l1><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.  </FONT>问题的叙述,问题的分析,背景的分析等,略<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></FONT><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt 0cm; lfo1? l1><FONT face="Times New Roman">2.  </FONT>模型的假设,符号说明(表) <p><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt 0cm; lfo1? l1><FONT face="Times New Roman">3.  </FONT>模型的建立(问题分析,公式推导, <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 8.0; 112pt;>基本模型,最终或简化模型<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>等)<FONT face="Times New Roman">   <p></FONT><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt 0cm; lfo1? l1><FONT face="Times New Roman">4.  </FONT>模型的求解 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: -.57; -8pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">▲ </FONT>计算方法设计或选择; <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 4.15pt?>算法设计或选择,<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>算法思想依据,步骤及实现,计算框图; <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; 14pt;>所采用的软件名称; <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; 28pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">▲ </FONT>引用或建立必要的数学命题和定理; <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 13.95pt? -1.93; -27pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">▲ </FONT>求解方案及流程<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></FONT><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt 0cm; lfo1? l1><FONT face="Times New Roman">5.  </FONT>结果表示、分析与检验,误差分析,模型检验<FONT face="Times New Roman">…… <p></FONT><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt 0cm; lfo1? l1><FONT face="Times New Roman">6.  </FONT>模型评价,特点,优缺点,改进方法,推广<FONT face="Times New Roman">……. <p></FONT><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt 0cm; lfo1? l1><FONT face="Times New Roman">7.  </FONT>参考文献 <p><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt 0cm; lfo1? l1><FONT face="Times New Roman">8.  </FONT>附录 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; 28pt;>计算框图 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; 28pt;>详细图表 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; 28pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">…… <p></FONT><p><H2 normal? LINE-HEIGHT: 0cm; 13pt><A>3  </A>要重视的问题 <p></H2><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt 0cm; lfo2? l3><FONT face="Times New Roman">0.  </FONT><B>摘要</B>。包括:<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></FONT><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; 28pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">a. </FONT>模型的数学归类(在数学上属于什么类型) <p><p><P 0cm 0pt?><FONT face="Times New Roman">    b. </FONT>建模的思想(思路) <p><p><P 0cm 0pt?><FONT face="Times New Roman">    c . </FONT>算法思想(求解思路) <p><p><P 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 0pt 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: -4.0; -56pt; 56pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">    d. </FONT>建模特点(模型优点,建模思想或方法, <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 56pt; 4.0;>算法特点,结果检验,灵敏度分析, <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 56pt; 4.0;>模型检验<FONT face="Times New Roman">…….</FONT>) <p><p><P 0cm 0pt?><FONT face="Times New Roman">    e. </FONT>主要结果(数值结果,结论)(回答题目所问的全部“问题”) <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: -1.0; -14pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">▲</FONT>表述:准确、简明、条理清晰、合乎语法、字体工整漂亮; <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 3.0; 42pt;>打印最好,但要求符合文章格式。务必认真校对。 <p><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt 0cm; lfo2? l3><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.  </FONT><B>问题重述。</B>略 <p><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt 0cm; lfo2? l3><FONT face="Times New Roman">2.  </FONT><B>模型假设</B><A> <p></A><p><P 0cm 0pt?>跟据全国组委会确定的评阅原则,基本假设的合理性很重要。 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; 14pt;><A>(</A><FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT>)根据题目中条件作出假设 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; 14pt;>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">2</FONT>)根据题目中要求作出假设 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: -2.42; -33.9pt;>关键性假设不能缺;假设要切合题意 <p><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt 0cm; lfo2? l3><B><FONT face="Times New Roman">3. </FONT></B><B>模型的建立</B><A><B> <p></B></A><p><P 0pt; 0cm mso-list: list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 13.95pt? l3 1.28; lfo2; level2 57.0pt; 54.0pt 17.9pt;>(1) 基本模型: <p><p><P 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 0pt mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 13.95pt? .64; 8.95pt; 27pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">1) </FONT>首先要有数学模型:数学公式、方案等 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 2.57; 36pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">2) </FONT>基本模型,要求<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><B>完整,正确,简明</B> <p><p><P 0cm LINE-HEIGHT: mso-list: list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 0pt lfo2? l3 level2 57.0pt; 42.0pt normal; -36pt; 54pt;>(2)   简化模型<A> <p></A><p><P 0cm mso-list: list tab-stops: -9pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0pt lfo2? l3 level5 105.0pt; 102.0pt 45pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">1)          </FONT>要明确说明:简化思想,依据 <p><p><P 0cm mso-list: list tab-stops: -9pt; TEXT-INDENT: 0pt lfo2? l3 level5 105.0pt; 102.0pt 45pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">2)          </FONT>简化后模型,尽可能完整给出 <p><p><P 0cm mso-list: list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 0pt -27pt; lfo2? l3 level2 57.0pt; 42.0pt 45pt;>(3)   模型要实用,有效,以解决问题有效为原则。 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 3.0; 42pt;>数学建模面临的、要解决的是实际问题, <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 4.35; 60.9pt;>不追求数学上:高(级)、深(刻)、难(度大)。 <p><p><P 0cm mso-list: list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 0pt lfo6? level3 l7 117.9pt; 97.5pt -81.9pt;>u              能用初等方法解决的、就不用高级方法, <p><p><P 0cm mso-list: list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 0pt lfo6? level3 l7 117.9pt; 97.5pt -81.9pt;>u              能用简单方法解决的,就不用复杂方法, <p><p><P 0cm mso-list: list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 0pt lfo6? level3 l7 117.9pt; 97.5pt -81.9pt;>u              能用被更多人看懂、理解的方法, <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 2.0; 28pt;>就不用只能少数人看懂、理解的方法。 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: -3.21; -44.95pt;><A>(</A><FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT>)鼓励创新,但要切实,不要离题搞标新立异 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 27pt?><B>数模创新可出现在</B><B> <p></B><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 2.5; 35pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">▲</FONT>建模中,模型本身,简化的好方法、好策略等, <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 2.5; 35pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">▲</FONT>模型求解中 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 2.5; 35pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">▲</FONT>结果表示、分析、检验,模型检验 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 2.5; 35pt;><FONT face="Times New Roman">▲</FONT>推广部分 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 13.95pt? 1.28; 17.9pt;>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">5</FONT>)在问题分析推导过程中,需要注意的问题: <p><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 0pt lfo7? l6 55.5pt; -21pt;>u     分析:中肯、确切 <p><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 0pt lfo7? l6 55.5pt; -21pt;>u     术语:专业、内行;;<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></FONT><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 0pt lfo7? l6 55.5pt; -21pt;>u     原理、依据:正确、明确<FONT face="Times New Roman">, <p></FONT><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 0pt lfo7? l6 55.5pt; -21pt;>u     表述:简明,关键步骤要列出 <p><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 0pt lfo7? l6 55.5pt; -21pt;>u     忌:外行话,专业术语不明确,表述混乱,冗长。<A> <p></A><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt lfo2? l3 -18pt;><B><FONT face="Times New Roman">4.             </FONT></B><B>模型求解</B><B> <p></B><p><P 0cm mso-list: list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 0pt lfo2? l3 level2 57.0pt; 54.0pt -48pt; 57pt;>(1)       需要建立数学命题时: <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 2.35; 32.9pt;>命题叙述要符合数学命题的表述规范, <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 2.35; 32.9pt;>尽可能论证严密。<A> <p></A><p><P 0cm mso-list: list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 0pt lfo2? l3 level2 57.0pt; 42.0pt 54pt; -45pt;>(2)         需要说明计算方法或算法的原理、思想、依据、步骤。 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: 14.0pt? mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 3.85; 53.9pt;>若采用现有软件,说明采用此软件的理由,软件名称<A> <p></A><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 13.95pt? .64; 8.95pt;>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">3</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>计算过程,中间结果可要可不要的,不要列出。 <p><p><P 0pt; 0cm TEXT-INDENT: mso-char-indent-size: mso-char-indent-count: 13.95pt? 1.14; 15.95pt;>(<FONT face="Times New Roman">4</FONT>)<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>设法算出合理的数值结果。<A> <p></A><p><P 0cm level1 mso-list: 18.0pt; list tab-stops: TEXT-INDENT: 18pt; 0pt lfo2? l3 -18pt;><p><p>

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