< align=center><B><FONT size=5>祖冲之对计量科学的贡献</FONT></B></P>
< align=center><B><FONT size=4>关增建
(上海交通大学科学史与科学哲学系,上海 200030)</FONT></B></P>
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<P> <B>摘要</B>:祖冲之是南北朝时期的著名科学家,对计量科学做出了很大贡献。他重视测量中的精度问题,重视对计量基准的搜集和保存。他对前代度量衡标准器的研究取得了引人注目的成绩。在时间计量方面,他对基本计时单位回归年、朔望月和时刻制度都做过探讨,他的探讨促进了传统历法的进步。对计量问题的关注是他在科学研究上取得重大成就的重要原因。他的个别工作也有欠严谨之处。
<B>关键词</B>:祖冲之 计量史 嘉量 栗氏量
<B>〔中图分类号</B>〕TB9.092 〔文献标识码〕A 〔文章编号〕1000-0763(2004)01-0000-07</P>
<P>ZU Chongzhi’s Contributions to Metrology Science
GUAN Zengjian
(Department for the History and Philosophy of Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030)
Abstract:ZU Chongzhi is a famous scientist of the Northern and Southern Dynasties (420~589). He had made great contributions to metrology science then. He paid attention to the problem of precision of measurement and made great effort to collect and preserve the metrological standard apparatus. He gained remarkable achievements in the studying of the standard apparatus of weights and measures of former dynasties. In the field of time measurement, he explored basic time units such as tropical year, lunar month and the system of Shi (one of the 12 two-hour periods into which the day was formerly divided before the introduction of western chronology) and Ke (a time unit in ancient China which equals 14.4 minutes). His explorations advanced the development of Chinese traditional calendar. Paying special attention to metrological problems is an important factor for him to obtain fruitful results in his study of science. There were also some mistakes in his study of metrologies.
Key Words: ZU Chongzhi, history of metrology, standard apparatus</P>
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<P> 祖冲之(429-500)是我国南北朝时期的著名科学家,在中国科学史上享有崇高地位。在今天的人们看来,他推算出了高精度的圆周率,使之领先世界一千多年,是一位享誉世界的大数学家;他提出了《大明历》,内含多项创新,是一位杰出的天文学家;他成功复原了指南车,使古代绝技失而复得,是一位优秀的机械发明家;……。对祖冲之的这些评价,是完全正确的,但还不够全面,因为他为今人所称道的那些成就,主要是围绕着计量科学的发展而做出的。他首先是一位杰出的计量学家,对中国古代计量科学的发展做出了巨大贡献。与此同时,在他的计量科学工作中,也有个别不严谨之处。</P> |