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发表于 2006-5-1 22:43:05
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<B>遗传算法进化循环的一个例子</B><BR><BR><FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT>设每一串的长度为<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">10</FONT>,共有<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">4</FONT>个串组成第一代群体(<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">OP1</FONT>),<FONT face="宋体, MS Song"></FONT>目标函数(适应函数)为各位值之和,因而函数值为<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">0</FONT>-<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">10</FONT>。<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">OP1</FONT>中四个串的适应值分别为:<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">3</FONT>,<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">6</FONT>,<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">6</FONT>,<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">9</FONT>,所以再生的比例个数为:<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">0.5</FONT>,<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">1</FONT>,<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">1</FONT>,<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">1.5</FONT>。若最后实际的再生个数为<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">0</FONT>,<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">1</FONT>,<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">1</FONT>,<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">2</FONT>,则产生选择后的群体<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">OP2</FONT>。下一步对<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">POP2</FONT>中各串配对,随机选择串<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">1</FONT>和串<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">4</FONT>为一对,串<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">2</FONT>和串<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">3</FONT>为另一对。<BR><BR> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT>群体<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">POP1</FONT><BR> 串 <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> 适应值<BR> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song">0000011100 </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song">3</FONT><BR> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song">1000011111 </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song">6</FONT><BR> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song">0110101011 </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> 6</FONT><BR> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song">1111111011 </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> 9</FONT><BR><BR> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT>群体<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">POP2</FONT>(选择后)<BR> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> 串<FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> 适应值<BR> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song">1000011111</FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song">6</FONT><BR> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song">0110101011 </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> 6</FONT><BR> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song">1111111011 </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> 9</FONT><BR> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song">1111111011 </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> 9</FONT><BR><BR> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> 群体<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">POP3</FONT>(交换后)<BR> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> 串<FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> 适应值<BR> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song">1000011011 </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song">5</FONT><BR> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song">0110101011 </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song">6</FONT><BR> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song">1111111011 </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song">9</FONT><BR> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song">1111111111 </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song">10</FONT><BR><BR> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> 群体<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">POP4</FONT>(突变后)<BR> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> 串 <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> 适应值<BR> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song">1000011011 </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song">5</FONT><BR> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song">0110111011 </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song">7</FONT><BR> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song">1111111011 </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song">9</FONT><BR> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song">0111111111 </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song"> </FONT> <FONT face="宋体, MS Song">9</FONT><BR><BR><BR> 设交换率为<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">0.5</FONT>,即只有一对串发生交换,如串<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">1</FONT>和串<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">4</FONT>。若交换点随机选在位置<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">7</FONT>,因而交换后产生群体<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">POP3</FONT>。设突变率为<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">0.05</FONT>,即在<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">POP3</FONT>的<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">40</FONT>个位中,共有<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">2</FONT>个位发生突变,不妨设突变发生在串<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">2</FONT>的第<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">6</FONT>位和串<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">4</FONT>的第<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">1</FONT>位,从而产生群体<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">POP4</FONT>。注意,仅群体<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">POP4</FONT>代表新一代的群体(上一代为<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">POP1</FONT>),<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">POP2</FONT>和<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">POP3</FONT>只是一些进化中的中间群体。<BR><BR> 在<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">SGA</FONT>算法中,一般采用的群体大小为<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">30</FONT>到<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">200</FONT>,交换率为<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">0.5</FONT>到<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">1</FONT>,突变率为<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">0.001</FONT>到<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">0.05</FONT>。这些参数:群体大小、交换率、突变率,统称为<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">GA</FONT>的控制参数,应在算法运行前事先设定。当然,已有人研究了控制参数在算法运行中的自适应调整,以提高<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">GA</FONT>的灵活性。<BR><BR> 尽管遗传算法在实际优化问题中取得了很好的效果<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">,</FONT>目前对该算法尚无一个清楚完整的理论解释。霍勒德的图式理论<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">(schema theory)</FONT>和戈尔伯格(<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">Goldberg</FONT>,<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">1989</FONT>)的积木块假设仅在一定程度上解释了<FONT face="宋体, MS Song">GA</FONT>的工作原理。<BR><BR line-break"><BR line-break"> |
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