< ><B ><FONT face="Times New Roman">Mathematica</FONT></B><B >函数形式<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></B><B >数学含义<p></p></B></P>
< ><B ><p><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></p></B></P>
< ><FONT face="Times New Roman">Abs[x] </FONT>表示<FONT face="Times New Roman">x</FONT>的绝对值<FONT face="Times New Roman">|x|</FONT></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">Round[x] </FONT>表示最接近<FONT face="Times New Roman">x</FONT>的整数</P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">Floor[x] </FONT>表示不大于<FONT face="Times New Roman">x</FONT>的最大整数</P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">Ceiling[x] </FONT>表示不小于<FONT face="Times New Roman">x</FONT>的最大整数</P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">Sign[x] </FONT>表示<FONT face="Times New Roman">x</FONT>的符号函数<FONT face="Times New Roman">sgn(x)</FONT></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">Sqrt[x] </FONT>表示<FONT face="Times New Roman">x </FONT>的平方根函数</P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">Exp[x] </FONT>表示以自然数为底的指数函数<FONT face="Times New Roman">e <SUP>x<p></p></SUP></FONT></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">Log[x] </FONT>表示以自然数为底的对数函数<FONT face="Times New Roman">ln x</FONT></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">Log[a,x] </FONT>表示以数<FONT face="Times New Roman">a</FONT>为底的对数函数<FONT face="Times New Roman">log <SUB>a</SUB> x</FONT></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">Sin[x], Cos[x] </FONT>表示正弦函数<FONT face="Times New Roman">sin x, </FONT>余弦函数<FONT face="Times New Roman">cos x</FONT></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">Tan[x], Cot[x] </FONT>表示正切函数<FONT face="Times New Roman">tan x ,</FONT>余切函数<FONT face="Times New Roman">cot x</FONT></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">ArcSin[x], ArcCos[x] </FONT>表示反正弦函数<FONT face="Times New Roman">arcsin x , </FONT>反余弦函数<FONT face="Times New Roman">arccos x</FONT></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">ArcTan[x], ArcCot[x] </FONT>表示反正切函数<FONT face="Times New Roman">arctan x , </FONT>反余切函数<FONT face="Times New Roman">arccot x</FONT></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">Max[x<SUB>1</SUB>,x<SUB>2</SUB>,…,x<SUB>n</SUB> ] </FONT>表示取出实数<FONT face="Times New Roman">x<SUB>1</SUB>,x<SUB>2</SUB>,…</FONT>。<FONT face="Times New Roman">,x <SUB>n</SUB></FONT>的最大值<SUB><p></p></SUB></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">Max </FONT>表示取出表<FONT face="Times New Roman">s</FONT>中所有数的最大值<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">Min[x<SUB>1</SUB>,x<SUB>2</SUB>,…,x<SUB>n</SUB> ] </FONT>表示取出实数<FONT face="Times New Roman">x<SUB>1</SUB>,x<SUB>2</SUB>,…</FONT>。<FONT face="Times New Roman">,x <SUB>n</SUB></FONT>的最小值<SUB><p></p></SUB></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">Min </FONT>表示取出表<FONT face="Times New Roman">s</FONT>中所有数的最小值<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">************************************************************************** </FONT></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">Mod[m,n] </FONT>表示整数<FONT face="Times New Roman">m</FONT>除以整数<FONT face="Times New Roman">n</FONT>的余数</P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">Quotient[m,n] </FONT>表示整数<FONT face="Times New Roman">m</FONT>除以整数<FONT face="Times New Roman">n</FONT>的整数部分</P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">GCD[m<SUB>1</SUB>,m<SUB>2</SUB>,…,m<SUB>n</SUB> ] </FONT>表示取出整数<FONT face="Times New Roman">m<SUB>1</SUB>,m<SUB>2</SUB>,…</FONT>。<FONT face="Times New Roman">,m<SUB>n</SUB></FONT>的最大公约数<SUB><p></p></SUB></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">GCD </FONT>表示取出表<FONT face="Times New Roman">s</FONT>中所有数的最大公约数</P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">LCM[m<SUB>1</SUB>,m<SUB>2</SUB>,…,m<SUB>n</SUB> ] </FONT>表示取出整数<FONT face="Times New Roman">m<SUB>1</SUB>,m<SUB>2</SUB>,…</FONT>。<FONT face="Times New Roman">,m<SUB>n</SUB></FONT>的最小公倍数<SUB><p></p></SUB></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">LCM </FONT>表示取出表<FONT face="Times New Roman">s</FONT>中所有数的最小公倍数</P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">n! </FONT>表示阶乘<FONT face="Times New Roman">n(n-1)(n-2) </FONT>···<FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">n!! </FONT>表示双阶乘<FONT face="Times New Roman">n(n-2)(n-4) </FONT>···<p></p></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">Binomial[n, m] </FONT>表示二项式系数<FONT face="Times New Roman">C <SUB>n</SUB><SUP>m<p></p></SUP></FONT></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">Re[z] </FONT>取复数<FONT face="Times New Roman">z</FONT>的实部</P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">Im[z] </FONT>取复数<FONT face="Times New Roman">z</FONT>的虚部</P>
<DIV >
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">Conjugate[z] </FONT>取复数<FONT face="Times New Roman">z</FONT>的共轭复数</P></DIV>
<P ><B ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></B><B >函数形式<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></B><B >功能<p></p></B></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <B >Random[] </B> </FONT>随机给出闭区间<FONT face="Times New Roman">[0,1]</FONT>内的一个实数</P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <B >Random[Real, xmax] </B> </FONT>随机给出闭区间<FONT face="Times New Roman">[0,xmax]</FONT>内的一个实数</P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <B >Random[Real, {xmin, xmax}]</B> </FONT>随机给出闭区间<FONT face="Times New Roman">[xmin,xmax]</FONT>内的一个实数</P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"><B > Random[Integer] </B> </FONT>随机给出整数<FONT face="Times New Roman">0</FONT>或<FONT face="Times New Roman">1</FONT></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"><B > Random[Integer, {xmin, xmax}]</B> </FONT>随机给出<FONT face="Times New Roman">xmin</FONT>到<FONT face="Times New Roman">xmax</FONT>之间的一个整数<SUB><p></p></SUB></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <B >Random[Complex] </B> </FONT>随机给出单位正方形内的一个复数</P>
<P ><p><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></p></P>
<P ><B ><FONT face="Times New Roman">Mathematica</FONT></B><B >自定义函数的一般命令为:</B></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT><B >函数名</B><FONT face="Times New Roman">[</FONT><B >自变量名<FONT face="Times New Roman">1_, </FONT></B><B >自变量名<FONT face="Times New Roman">2_ ,</FONT></B><B >¼<FONT face="Times New Roman">]:= </FONT></B><B >表达式<p></p></B></P>
<P >注<FONT face="Times New Roman">: </FONT>由两个符号构成的逻辑运算符<FONT face="Times New Roman"> &&</FONT>、<FONT face="Times New Roman">||</FONT>中间不能有空格或其他符号。</P>
<P >‚逻辑表达式的计算结果也是三个逻辑值<FONT face="Times New Roman">True (</FONT>真<FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT>、<FONT face="Times New Roman">False(</FONT>假<FONT face="Times New Roman">)</FONT>和非真非假,取值的规则为:当逻辑表达式成立时,取值为<FONT face="Times New Roman">True</FONT>;当逻辑表达式不成立时,取值为<FONT face="Times New Roman">False</FONT>。</P>
<P >当逻辑表达式不能确定时,将逻辑表达式原样输出,表示取值为非真非假。</P>
<P >ƒ逻辑表达式中逻辑运算符的计算优先级别低于关系运算符。</P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <B > </B></FONT><B >逻辑运算符<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></B><B >名称<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></B><B >含义<FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></B></P>
<P ><B ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></B></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <B > </B></FONT><B >!</B><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>逻辑非<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>当关系表达式<FONT face="Times New Roman">A</FONT>为真时,<FONT face="Times New Roman">!A</FONT>为假;</P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>当关系表达式<FONT face="Times New Roman">A</FONT>为假时,<FONT face="Times New Roman">!A</FONT>为真。</P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <B >&&</B> </FONT>逻辑与<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>当关系表达式<FONT face="Times New Roman">A</FONT>和<FONT face="Times New Roman">B</FONT>都为真时,<FONT face="Times New Roman">A&&B</FONT>为真,否则为假。</P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <B >||</B> </FONT>逻辑或<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>当关系表达式<FONT face="Times New Roman">A</FONT>和<FONT face="Times New Roman">B</FONT>都为假时,<FONT face="Times New Roman">A||B</FONT>为假,否则为真</P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman">1.6.1 <B >Mathematica</B></FONT><B >中</B><B >的</B><B >专用符</B><B ><p></p></B></P>
<P ><p><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></p></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>正如其它的应用环境有其专用的符号一样,<FONT face="Times New Roman">Mathematica</FONT>中也定义了许多专用符,在每个应用环境中,熟悉其专用符号才能更好地运用此工具<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>在<FONT face="Times New Roman">Mathematica</FONT>中也是如此。本文仅讨论其中的一部分,如下:<p></p></P>
<P ><p><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></p></P>
<P ><B >符号</B><B ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></B><B >意</B><B ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></B><B >义</B><B ><p></p></B></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"><B >%</B> </FONT>倒数第一次输出的内容</P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"><B >%%</B> </FONT>倒数第二次输出的内容</P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"><B >% n</B> </FONT>第<FONT face="Times New Roman">n</FONT>次输出内容<FONT face="Times New Roman">,</FONT>对应<FONT face="Times New Roman">Out[n]</FONT>的输出式子</P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"><B >? </B> </FONT>显示该命令的简单使用方法</P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"><B >?? </B> </FONT>显示该命令的详细使用方法<p></p></P>
<P ><B ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></B><B >;<FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></B>运算分号前面的表达式,但不显示计算结果</P>
<P ><B ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> -> </FONT></B>箭头右面的内容替换箭头左边的内容<B ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> <p></p></FONT></B></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"><B > </B><p></p></FONT></P>
<P ><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT>以下通过一些例子来对上述符号进行详细的讨论。<p></p></P>
<P ><p><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></p></P>
<P ><B ><FONT face="Times New Roman">1. </FONT></B><B >输出结果替代符:</B><B ><FONT face="Times New Roman">%</FONT></B><B >,</B><B ><FONT face="Times New Roman">%%</FONT></B><B >,</B><B ><FONT face="Times New Roman">%n<p></p></FONT></B></P>
<P ><B ><p><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></p></B></P>
<P ><B >说明</B>:在运算过程中,常常要用到前一次或前几次的输出结果,有时候甚至用到某个中间输出结果。如果这些结果比较复杂或比较长,使用以上的替代符可以大大减少键盘输入量,提高效率。</P>
<P ><p><FONT face="Times New Roman"> </FONT></p></P> |